5 DEADLY LINUX COMMANDS

Linux today is well known and well reputed one of the most powerful operating system. Linux user can perform numerous such tasks that a windows or Mac user can’t even imagine.

Sometimes Linux can go extreme upto the extent that it can do serious damage to the system. Linux system dont even ask user for confirmation once the command is given and simply performs its task. hardware of your computer within a few seconds. Because of these harmful activities of linux it is recommended to use it only if you are good at giving commands and have in depth  knowledge of linux commands.

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5 Deadly linux commands that can Destroy one’s System

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1. Command > rm -rf / = It will Delete Everything
Explanation : It is a combination of three keywords.

First : rm It will remove all the files followed by this command.

Second  : -rf This will run rm command in more effective way and will remove everything ( all files and folders inside the specified folder )without asking confirmation from the user.

Third : / This will start removing the data from the root directroy and will delete everything from the computer including the data of removable media.

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2. Command > :(){ :|: & };: = Shell function that gets repliacated.

This command creates a shell function , which once get initialized starts to create multiple copies of itself.It results in taking quickly all the memory and power of CPU.It makes computer freeze or not responding. This is also known as Denial Of Service Attack.

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3. Command > mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1 = This command will format the hard disk

Explanation : This command is again composed of two keywords.
First  : mkfs.ext4 : This part of command will create a new ext4 file system on following device where this command will get executed.

Second  : /dev/sda1 ;This part of command specifies the 1st partition on the first hard disk which is probably in use by the user. Similarly, This Command > mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb2 will Format the second partition on the second hard disk with ext3 File system.

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4. Command > /dev/sda – Write Any content Directly to a Hard Drive.

Explanation : This command will execute normally as other commands in linux do. But output of this command will directly be sent to the file system (NTFS or FAT ) of the Hard Drive. It will result into damaging the file system of the computer.

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5. Command > mv ~ /dev/null – Beware it Will Move your Home Directory To Black hole.

Explanation : Moving any of your content and data to following path : /dev/null means you want to destroy it.
It means /dev/null is a black hole where once anything sent , can not be recovered back.
  

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Ten things why linux is better then windows

#1: TCO

This can o’ worms has been, and will be, debated until both operating systems are no more. But let’s face it — the cost of a per-seat Windows license for a large company far outweighs having to bank on IT learning Linux. This is so for a couple of reasons.

First, most IT pros already know a thing or two about Linux. Second, today’s Linux is not your mother’s Linux. Linux has come a long, long way from where it was when I first started. Ten years ago, I would have said, hands down, Windows wins the TCO battle. But that was before KDE and GNOME brought their desktops to the point where any given group of monkeys could type Hamlet on a Linux box as quickly as they could type it on a Windows box. I bet any IT department could roll out Linux and do it in such a way that the end users would hardly know the difference. With KDE 4.1 leaps and bounds beyond 4.0, it’s already apparent where the Linux desktop is going — straight into the end users’ hands. So with all the FUD and rhetoric aside, Windows can’t compete with Linux in TCO. Add to that the cost of software prices (including antivirus and spyware protection) for Windows vs. Linux, and your IT budget just fell deeply into the red.

#2: Desktop

You can’t keep a straight face and say the Linux desktop is more difficult to use than the Windows desktop. If you can, you might want to check the release number of the Linux distribution you are using. Both GNOME and KDE have outpaced Windows for user-friendliness. Even KDE 4, which has altered the path of KDE quite a bit, will make any given user at home with the interface. But the Linux desktop beats the Windows desktop for more reasons than just user-friendliness. It’s far more flexible than anything Microsoft has ever released. If you don’t like the way the Linux desktop looks or behaves, change it. If you don’t like the desktop included with your distribution, add another. And what if, on rare occasion, the desktop locks up? Well, Windows might require a hard restart. Linux? Hit Ctrl + Alt + Backspace to force a logout of X Windows. Or you can always drop into a virtual console and kill the application that caused your desktop to freeze. It’s all about flexibility… something the Windows desktop does not enjoy.

#3: Server

For anyone who thinks Windows has the server market cornered, I would ask you to wake up and join the 21st century. Linux can, and does, serve up anything and everything and does it easily and well. It’s fast, secure, easy to configure, and very scalable. And let’s say you don’t happen to be fond of Sendmail. If that’s the case you have plenty of alternatives to choose from. Even with serving up Web pages. There are plenty of alternatives to Apache, some of which are incredibly lightweight.

#4: Security

Recently, there was a scare in the IT world known as Phalanx 2. It actually hit Linux. But the real issue was that it hit Linux servers that hadn’t been updated. It was poor administration that caused this little gem to get noticed. The patch, as usual in the Linux world, came nearly as soon as word got out. And that’s the rub. Security issues plague Windows for a couple of reasons: The operating system comes complete with plenty of security holes and Microsoft is slow to release patches for the holes. Of course, this is not to say that Linux is immune. It isn’t. But it is less susceptible to attacks and faster to fix problems.

#5: Flexibility

This stems from the desktop but, because Linux is such an amazingly adaptable operating system, it’s wrong to confine flexibility to the desktop alone. Here’s the thing: With Linux, there is always more than one way to handle a task. Add to that the ability to get really creative with your problem solving, and you have the makings of a far superior system. Windows is about as inflexible as an operating system can be. Think about it this way: Out of the box, what can you do with Windows? You can surf the Web and get e-mail. Out of the box, what can you do with Linux? I think the better question is what can you NOT do with Linux? Linux is to Legos like Windows is to Lincoln Logs. With Lincoln Logs, you have the pieces to make fine log cabins. With Legos, you have the pieces to make, well, anything. And then you have all the fanboys making Star Wars Legos and Legos video games. Just where did all those Lincoln Logs fanboys go?

#6: Package management

Really, all I should have to say about this is that Windows does no package management. Sure, you can always install an application with a single click. But what if you don’t know which package you’re looking for? Where is the repository to search? Where are the various means of installing applications? Where are the dependency checks? Where are the md5 checks? What about not needing root access to install any application in Windows? Safety? Security? Sanity?

#7: Community

About the only community for Windows is the flock of MCSEs, the denizens at the Microsoft campus, and the countless third-party software companies preying on those who can’t figure out what to do when Windows goes down for the count. Linux has always been and always will be about community. It was built by a community and for a community. And this Linux community is there to help those in need. From mailing lists to LUGs (Linux user groups) to forums to developers to Linus Torvalds himself (the creator of Linux), the Linux operating system is a community strong with users of all types, ages, nationalities, and social anxieties.

#8: Interoperability

Windows plays REALLY well with Windows. Linux plays well with everyone. I’ve never met a system I couldn’t connect Linux to. That includes OS X, Windows, various Linux distributions, OS/2, Playstations… the list goes on and on. Without the help of third-party software, Windows isn’t nearly as interoperable. And we haven’t even touched on formats. With OpenOffice, you can open/save in nearly any format (regardless of release date). Have you come across that docx format yet? Had fun getting it to open in anything but MS Word >=2007?

#9: Command line

This is another item where I shouldn’t have to say much more than the title. The Linux command line can do nearly anything you need to work in the Linux operating system. Yes, you need a bit of knowledge to do this, but the same holds true for the Windows command line. The biggest difference is the amount you can do when met with only the command line. If you had to administer two machines through the command line only (one Linux box and one Windows box), you would quickly understand just how superior the Linux CLI is to the vastly underpowered Windows CLI.

#10: Evolution

For most users, Vista was a step backward. And that step backward took a long time (five years) to come to fruition. With most Linux distributions, new releases are made available every six months. And some of them are major jumps in technological advancement. Linux also listens to its community. What are they saying and what are they needing? From the kernel to the desktop, the Linux developer community is in sync with its users. Microsoft? Not so much. Microsoft takes its time to release what may or may not be an improvement. And, generally speaking, those Microsoft release dates are as far from set in stone as something can be. It should go without saying that Microsoft is not an agile developer. In fact, I would say Microsoft, in its arrogance, insists companies, users, and third-party developers evolve around it.

That’s my short list of big-ticket items that Linux does better than Windows. There will be those naysayers who feel differently, but I think most people will agree with these points. Of course, I am not so closed-minded as to think that there is nothing that Windows does better than Linux. I can think of a few off the top of my head: PR, marketing, FUD, games, crash, and USB scanners.

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How to Shutdown Your PC Automatically In UBUNTU

We showed you how to schedule a task in Windows 7 to automatically shutdown your PC. This tutorial shows you how to do the same in Ubuntu 11.04 Natty Narwhal.

Getting started:

To get stared, press Ctrl – Alt – T on your keyboard to open Terminal. Then type the command below to install Gnome Schedule.

sudo apt-get install gnome-schedule

After installing, press Alt-F2 on your keyboard to open ‘Run Application’ Then type the command below to launch Gnome Schedule as root.

gksu gnome-schedule

Next, click ‘New –> Recurrent task’

Then type the description, command and time & date. The command to shutdown your pc is shown below:

/sbin/poweroff

The task is scheduled to run at midnight every day.

That’s all. Your PC is going to automatically shutdown at midnight.



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What is LINUX

As you move in this world of hacking.You will realise the importance of LINUX for hackers,programmers,geeks.

 What exactly is linux&its importance

  LINUX is an operating system based on unix. Some other common operating systems are Unix (and its variants BSD, AIX, Solaris, HP-UX, and others); DOS; Microsoft Windows; Amiga; and Mac OS.

Linux was originally created by Linus Torvalds with the assistance of developers from around the globe. Linux is free to download, edit and distribute. Linux is a very powerful operating system and it is gradually becoming popular throughout the world.

World's fastest supercomputer uses linux so you can realise how powerful linux can be.

Linux is free operating system not like windows where you have to pay thousands of $$ costing half of the hardware of pc.Linux is an open source means anyone can edit it legally as per his/her convenience.

There are many distributions of linux available -ubuntu,madvira,fedora,open suse,mint etc


But desktop market 7-15% bcuz its not easy to use it..but once u get habit of it i bet u'll spit on windows

ADVANTAGES

1)FAR FAR BETTER SECURITY THAN WINDOWS -- Nowadays you can easily see windows remote exploit flying around.Yes windows is easy to attack as compared to linux.

2)RESOURCES AVAILABLE BY DEFAULT-many software addons drivers are already installed on it

3)GOOD FOR HACKING - There are distributions specially designed for hackers backtrack,weaknet,blackbuntu,secmic etc

4)ITS FREE NOT LIKE WINDOWS (WHO WILL PAY THOUSANDS OF $$ )
the only linux which costs some pennies is redhat.

5)LIVE CD-One of the best feature you can run it without evan affecting your hd

DISADVANTAGES
 
1)NOT MANY S/W companies supporting linux based softwares

2)NOT EASY AS WINDOWS --Its command based,&requires tweaking.

3)EXE SUPPORT-basic extension exe is not supported but you can run them via WINE

What for beginners?where to start from

Well i would suggest ubuntu(only linux for humans) as it has largest community support so if you have any problem it could be easily resolved easily and its much user friendly linux

grab these 2 books linux bible&ubuntu unleashed.These books have good data for linux and ubuntu if you want to learn linux more deeply.You can find these books by googling.


for all linux tweaks and tutorial we wont post them on our blog. If u have any query regarding linux, we will solve this and we will post the basic tutorials for this very soon.

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Cracking Linux Password when Grub cannot be changed

Cracking Linux Password when Grub cannot be changed



However, if the Grub is password protected, then this method will not work. So in such cases, we can use the Linux Live CD to crack the Linux Password. Follow the below given steps to change the Linux Password, using the Linux Live CD.

1. Boot your computer from your Linux Live CD, choosing “Try Linux without any change to your computer” from the boot menu.
2. Once the system boots open up a new Terminal window and then type in the following command:
sudo fdisk –l
3. This command is used to tell what device name the hard drive is using, which in most cases should be /dev/sda1, but could be different on your system.
4. Now you’ll need to create a directory to mount the hard drive on. Since we’re actually booting off the live cd, the directory doesn’t really get created anywhere.
sudo mkdir /media/sda1
5. The next command will mount the hard drive in the /media/sda1 folder.
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /media/sda1
6. Now it’s time for the command that actually does the magic:
chroot. This command is used to open up a shell with a different root directory than the current shell is using, and we’ll pass in the folder where we mounted the hard drive.
sudo chroot /media/sda1
7. Now you should be able to use the passwd command to change your user account’s password, and it will be applied to the hard drive since we are using chroot.
passwd
8. Now you should be able to reboot your system and log yourself in with your new password.

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How to Crack Linux Password?

If you’ve ever got stuck on the Login screen of your Linux system, as you don’t know the System password, don’t worry now. Its very easy to crack the password in Linux system.
All it takes is adjusting the boot parameters slightly and typing a command or two. Just follow the below given commands, and the work would be done
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1. Reboot your computer, and then as soon as you see the GRUB Loading screen, make sure to hit the ESC key so that you can get to the menu.



2. Now you have two options:

Root Shell Method

1. If you have the option, you can choose the “recovery mode” item on the menu, usually found right below your default kernel option.
2. Then choose “Drop to root shell prompt” from this menu (This is called the Single User Mode).
3. This should give you a root shell prompt.

Alternate Root Shell Method
If you don’t have the recovery mode option, this is the alternate way to manually edit the grub options to allow for a root shell.

1. First you’ll have to make sure to choose the regular boot kernel that you use (typically just the default one), and then use the “e” key to choose to edit that boot option.
2. Now just hit the down arrow key over to the “kernel” option, and then use the “e” key to switch to edit mode for the kernel option.



3. Now in the next screen that you see, you have to remove the “ro quiet splash” part with the backspace key, and then add this onto the end:
rw init=/bin/bash
(On some versions of Linux, you might have other shells as the default shell. So you have to type the above line accordingly. But most Linux versions have the “bash” shell as the default shell.)
4. Once you hit enter after adjusting the kernel line, you’ll need to use the B key to choose to boot with that option.
5. At this point the system should boot up very quickly to a command prompt.

You are now at the Root Shell Prompt (also called the Single User Mode)
Now Reset the Password

1. Once you are the Root Shell Prompt, by following any of the above given method, you can use following command to reset the password of any user account:
passwd username
2. After the command is successful, type the following command to make sure the changes are written to the hard disk, before you reboot the computer:
sync
3. Now reboot the computer using the command:
reboot -f

Once the computer restarts, you shall be able to login from the account, for which you had changed the password.

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LYNX - Surfing Internet the Old School way

nternet Browsing has changed a great deal in the past 15-20 years,I remember getting my hands on Internet Explorer 4.0 in late 90’s when I was a small kid (I was a not-so-stupid kid :P) .I was in retro mood last week,and being a LYNX - Surfing Internet the Old School way - rdhacker.blogspot.com dedicated netizen,I spent hours and hours on reading wikis and researching about the web browsers. Being curious, I later installed Windows 95 to get an authentic look and feel of web browsing in retro way and got my hands on Internet Explorer 1.0 and Netscape Navigator. It was fun..but I got bored soon :P

Sill later while I was surfing on Backtrack 3 through Mozilla Firefox, I became quite curious about the text based browsers,and voila,I got my hands on Lynx – the great grand father of all the web browsers available today. The brainchild of the folks at University of Kansas,Lynx became publicly available in 1993, around the same time browsers such as Mosiac and Cello were released.

The most popular browsers today include Firefox 3, Opera, Safari, and Google Chrome,Internet Explorer (?) but Lynx has retained a solid share.Google tests and certifies its webs pages and results LYNX compatible and experienced SEO guru’s will tell you to test your website on Lynx for checking its visibility and usability online.Basically, if you want to make sure your high tech website can be fully crawled by very basic search engine bots and crawlers, Lynx does an excellent job. Website designers often fire up a Lynx browser to make sure that people who surf the web with images turned off can still navigate their sites.


However..Because lynx does not support graphics, web bugs that track user information are not sent, and emails can be read without the invasion of privacy of HTML enabled web browsers. So that means lynx offers better security if you run it under a good environment ( and if you are nerd enough to use it :P ).

Lynx does support HTTP cookies, which can be used to track user information. But like most browsers, cookie support can be disabled.

The best part..Yep..You guessed it right - Lynx is free under GNU GPL. What else a geek want..

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FREESCO – An Open Source Router

While I was messing with Routers & virtualisation products, I came across FREESCO which is an open alternative to FREESCO – An Open Source Routing product routing products offered by Cisco, 3-Com, Accend, Nortel etc. While all of these companies offer products that are well made, the overhead and overall costs can be expensive.FREESCO is open source, stable, inexpensive, easy to use, extremely versatile and flexible ... and best of all, its is FREE.

FREESCO is based on the Linux operating system. And incorporates many of the features of other Linux distributions into software that fits onto a single 1.44 meg floppy diskette. It is also possible to run it entirely from RAM, in which case no disk activity occurs after startup. FREESCO works on any IBM compatible PC (i386 compatible spec or higher) and can be optionally installed to a hard disk. In practice this means Intel 80486SX or better, with 12 MByte. Preferably more than 16 MByte to enable servers.With FREESCO, you can configure:

* a simple bridge with up to 10 Ethernet segments
* a router with up to 10 Ethernet segments
* a dialup line router
* a leased line router
* an Ethernet router
* a dial-in server with up to 10 modems (with multiport modems).
* a time server
* a dhcp server
* a http server
* a ftp server
* a dns server
* a ssh server
* a print server (requires TCP/IP printing client software)

FREESCO also incorporates firewalling and NAT, which are resident within the Linux kernel, to help protect you and your network. All of these features can be used in conjunction with each other or individually.

Limitations

More recent versions of Linux software (e.g. Apache 2) are often not available for FREESCO because they are not compatible with FREESCO's kernel. Also, newer hardware (such as Gigabit Ethernet cards) may not be usable under FREESCO due to an absence of their drivers for the 2.0.x Linux kernel. FREESCO does not at present support load-balancing.Also, FREESCO does not support USB.

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Kompozer, The Adobe Dreamweaver Alternative

KompoZer is a complete web authoring system that combines web file management and “what you see is what you get” (WYSIWYG) web page editing. It’s designed to be extremely easy to use, making it ideal for non-technical computer users who want to create an attractive, professional- looking web site without needing to know HTML or web coding.

Of course it’s also possible to write your own code: for that purpose KompoZer features an intelligent Dreamweaver-like code interface.

KompoZer is based on Gecko, the layout engine inside Mozilla; it's a super-fast, very reliable, standards conformant engine maintained on a daily basis by a wide community of developers. Its remarkable support of XML, CSS and JavaScript offers the best authoring platform on the market. Its architecture based on XUL makes it the most extensible editing tool ever.

Those who are familiar with the DreamWeaver interface will feel right at home with KompoZer:

* WYSIWYG editing of pages, making web creation as easy as typing a letter with your word processor.
* Integrated file management via FTP. Simply login to your web site and navigate through your files, editing web pages on the fly, directly from your site.
* Reliable HTML code creation that will work with all of today's most popular browsers.
* Jump between WYSIWYG Editing Mode and HTML using tabs.
* Tabbed editing to make working on multiple pages a snap.
* Powerful support for forms, tables, and templates.
* The easiest-to-use, most powerful Web Authoring System available for Desktop Linux, Microsoft Windows and Apple Macintosh users.

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